Nature of Electricity :-
According to Modern electron theory of matter, all matter whether solid, liquid or gas composed of very small particles called molecules. A molecule is in turn made up of atoms.
An atom consists of a Central part called nucleus and around the nucleus (called extra-nucleus),there are a number of electrons revolving in different paths or orbits. The size of the nucleus is very small as compared to the size of the atom. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.A proton is a positively charged particle having mass 1837 times that of an electron. A neutron has the same mass as proton but no charge. Clearly, the nucleus of an atom bears positive charge. An electron is a negatively charged particle having negative charge equal to the positive charge on a protron. Under normal conditions, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in an atom. Therefore, an atom is neutral as a whole, the negative charge on electrons cancelling The positive charge on protrons. The above discussion shows that matter is electrical in nature i.e. it contains particles of Electricity protons and electrons. Whether a given body exhibits electricity (i.e. charge) or
not depends upon the relative number of these particles of electricity
(a) If the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons in a body, the resultant charge is zero and the body will be electrically neutral. Thus the paper of this book is electrically neutral (i.e. paper exhibits no charge) because il has the same number of
protons and electrons.
(b) If from a neutral body, some electrons are removed, there occurs a deficit of electrons in the body. Consequently, the body attains a positive charge. Hence a positively charged body has deficit of electrons from the normal due share.
(c) If a neutral body is supplied with electrons, there occurs an excess of electrons. Consequently the body attains a negative charge. a negatively charged body has can excess of electrons from the normal due share.
